Higher incidence of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus in remote areas: a UK regional small-area analysis

[1] Gale EA(2002)A missing link in the hygiene hypothesis? Diabetologia 45 588-594

[2] Patterson CC(1992)Urban/rural and deprivational differences in incidence and clustering of childhood diabetes in Scotland Int J Epidemiol 21 108-117

[3] Waugh NR(1996)Epidemiology of childhood IDDM in Northern Ireland 1989–1994: low incidence in areas with highest population density and most household crowding. Northern Ireland Diabetes Study Group Diabetologia 39 1063-1069

[4] Patterson CC(1997)Small area variation in the incidence of childhood insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Yorkshire, UK: links with overcrowding and population density Int J Epidemiol 26 1307-1313

[5] Carson DJ(2000)Regional differences and temporal incidence trend of type I diabetes mellitus in Austria from 1989 to 1999: a nationwide study Diabetologia 43 1449-1450

[6] Hadden DR(1999)Large incidence variation of type I diabetes in central-southern Italy 1990–1995: lower risk in rural areas Diabetologia 42 789-792

[7] Staines A(2003)The incidence of type 1 diabetes among children in Finland: rural–urban difference Health Place 9 315-325

[8] Bodansky HJ(2003)Incidence of type 1 diabetes in Lithuanians aged 0–39 years varies by the urban–rural setting, and the time change differs for men and women during 1991–2000 Diabetes Care 26 671-676

[9] McKinney PA(2006)Independent effects of socioeconomic status and place of residence on the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes in Western Australia Pediatr Diabetes 7 94-100

[10] Waldhor T(1993)Spatial correlation in ecological analysis Int J Epidemiol 22 1193-1202

[1] Gale EA(2002)A missing link in the hygiene hypothesis? Diabetologia 45 588-594

[2] Patterson CC(1992)Urban/rural and deprivational differences in incidence and clustering of childhood diabetes in Scotland Int J Epidemiol 21 108-117

[3] Waugh NR(1996)Epidemiology of childhood IDDM in Northern Ireland 1989–1994: low incidence in areas with highest population density and most household crowding. Northern Ireland Diabetes Study Group Diabetologia 39 1063-1069

[4] Patterson CC(1997)Small area variation in the incidence of childhood insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Yorkshire, UK: links with overcrowding and population density Int J Epidemiol 26 1307-1313

[5] Carson DJ(2000)Regional differences and temporal incidence trend of type I diabetes mellitus in Austria from 1989 to 1999: a nationwide study Diabetologia 43 1449-1450

[6] Hadden DR(1999)Large incidence variation of type I diabetes in central-southern Italy 1990–1995: lower risk in rural areas Diabetologia 42 789-792

[7] Staines A(2003)The incidence of type 1 diabetes among children in Finland: rural–urban difference Health Place 9 315-325

[8] Bodansky HJ(2003)Incidence of type 1 diabetes in Lithuanians aged 0–39 years varies by the urban–rural setting, and the time change differs for men and women during 1991–2000 Diabetes Care 26 671-676

[9] McKinney PA(2006)Independent effects of socioeconomic status and place of residence on the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes in Western Australia Pediatr Diabetes 7 94-100

[10] Waldhor T(1993)Spatial correlation in ecological analysis Int J Epidemiol 22 1193-1202