Effects of climate variables and nanofluid-based cooling on the efficiency of a liquid spectrum filter-based concentrated photovoltaic thermal system

The primary aim of the research is to improve photovoltaic thermal systems, with a particular focus on enhancing their efficiency and overall effectiveness by utilizing the Fresnel lens and nanofluid-based liquid spectrum filter with a dual-axis solar tracker. The study explores innovative techniques, including the application of nanofluid to cool the solar panel. This cooling not only increases the electrical efficiency of the solar panels but also extends their life span by effectively preventing overheating. Moreover, the research investigates the utilization of solar trackers, which optimize the collection of solar energy by continuously aligning the panels with the sun’s position. The consideration of the parameters—flow rate, ambient air temperature, wind speed, and solar intensity—led to a significant improvement in the thermal and electrical efficiencies. The electrical efficiency increases from 15.5 to 19.6%, while the thermal efficiency increases from 52.6 to 58.7% by optimizing the considered parameters. This is a companion study of the photovoltaic thermal system that reveals the influence of new parameters. By implementing these advancements, the research significantly contributes to the development of sustainable and high-performance solar energy solutions suitable for diverse applications, spanning both residential and industrial sectors.