Thinking in levels: A dynamic systems approach to making sense of the world

被引：2
作者：
Wilensky U. [1 ]
Resnick M. [1 ]
机构：
[1] Center for Connected Learning, Tufts University, Curtis Hall, Medford, MA 02155
来源：
Journal of Science Education and Technology | 1999年 / 8卷 / 1期
基金：
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词：
Complexity; Dynamic systems; Levels; Mathematics education; Modeling; Science education; Simulation; Systems thinking;
D O I：
10.1023/A:1009421303064
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
The concept of emergent "levels" (i.e., levels that arise from interactions of objects at lower levels) is fundamental to scientific theory. In this paper, we argue for an expanded role for this concept of levels in science education. We show confusion of levels (and "slippage" between levels) as the source of many of people's deep misunderstandings about patterns and phenomena in the world. These misunderstandings are evidenced not only in students' difficulties in the formal study of science but also in their misconceptions about experiences in their everyday lives. The StarLogo modeling language is designed as a medium for students to build models of multi-leveled phenomena and through these constructions explore the concept of levels. We describe several case studies of students working in StarLogo. The cases illustrate students' difficulties with the concept of levels, and how they can begin to develop richer understandings. © 1999 Plenum Publishing Corporation.
引用
收藏
页码：3 / 19
页数：16
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