Metals in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes

被引：80
作者：
Khan A.R. [1 ,2 ]
Awan F.R. [1 ]
机构：
[1] Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorder (D and C-MD) Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box.577, Faisalabad
[2] Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad
来源：
Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders | / 13卷 / 1期
关键词：
Diabetes; Essential metals; Insulin; Toxic metals; Zinc;
D O I：
10.1186/2251-6581-13-16
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
Minerals are one of the components of food, though they are not synthesized in the body but they are essential for optimal health. Several essential metals are required for the proper functioning of many enzymes, transcriptional factors and proteins important in various biochemical pathways. For example Zn, Mg and Mn are cofactors of hundreds of enzymes, and Zn is involved in the synthesis and secretion of insulin from the pancreatic beta-cells. Similarly, Cr enhances the insulin receptor activity on target tissues, especially in muscle cells. Insulin is the key hormone required to maintain the blood glucose level in normal range. In case of insulin deficiency or resistance, blood glucose concentration exceeds the upper limit of the normal range of 126 mg/dl. Persistent increase of blood serum glucose level leads to overt chronic hyperglycemia, which is a major clinical symptom of diabetes mellitus. Poor glycemic control and diabetes alters the levels of essential trace elements such as Zn, Mg, Mn, Cr, Fe etc. by increasing urinary excretion and their concomitant decrease in the blood. Hence, the main purpose of this review is to discuss the important roles of essential trace elements in normal homeostasis and physiological functioning. Moreover, perturbation of essential trace elements is also discussed in perspective of type 2 diabetes pathobiology. © 2014 Khan and Awan; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
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