Decrypting the effects of isovalent zirconium ions content on crystallographic phase formation, microstructure, dielectric, electrical, impedance, and modulus spectroscopic traits of (1-y) [Bi3.25La0.75(Ti1-xZrx)3O12] + (y) [La0.70Sr0.30MnO3] composite ceramics

In this study, polycrystalline (1 - y) [Bi3.25La0.75(Ti1-xZrx)(3)O-12] + (y) [La0.70Sr0.30MnO3] (where (x, y) = (0.00, 0.50)-(0.10, 0.50)) composite ceramics were developed via the solid-phase reaction technique to decrypt the impacts of Zr4+ content on crystal structure, morphological, densification, dielectric relaxation, ac conductivity, and impedance spectroscopic traits. The cell parameters and theoretical density were varied in a non-systematic manner with Zr4+ content, while the physical density and porosity obeyed a reverse trend. At 1100 degrees C, platelet grains were observed, while at 1200 degrees C, quasi-cubic grains were observed with clear borders, and grain size was reduced with Zr4+ content. The dielectric characteristics were elucidated using space charge polarization. The fitting of the dielectric permittivity utilizing a modified Debye function suggests that several ions were involved in the dielectric relaxation process. The enhancement and reduction in quality with Zr4+ content and frequency were attributed to the enhancement and reduction in the rate of carrier hopping, respectively. The conductivity spectra were fitted using two different laws, and all composite ceramics have a frequency exponent less than one, which confirmed the small polaron hopping. Nyquist diagrams demonstrated how bulk and grain borders contribute to conduction. The modulus data were fitted utilizing the modified Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts equation, and the stretching factor is less than one, which revealed more dipole-dipole interaction and non-Debye type relaxation. The composite ceramics exhibited a small relaxation time. Thus, we can conclude that the obtained results would be beneficial for multifunctional electronic devices.