CD8+ T cell contraction is controlled by early inflammation

Pathogen-specific CD8+ T cells expand in number after infection and then their numbers invariably contract by 90–95%, leaving a stable memory cell pool. The chief features of this response are programmed early after infection; however, the factors regulating contraction are mostly undefined. Here we show that antibiotic treatment before Listeria monocytogenes infection induced numbers of protective memory CD8+ T cells similar to those in control infected mice, by a pathway without contraction. The absence of contraction correlated with decreased early inflammation and interferon-γ production and an increased fraction of CD8+ T cells expressing the interleukin 7 receptor at the peak of the response. Thus, contraction is controlled by early inflammation but is not essential for the generation of protective memory CD8+ T cells after infection.