SUMO proteins grapple with biotic and abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis

The small ubiquitin-like modifier, i.e., SUMO, utilizes conjugation and deconjugation mechanisms that are similar to those for ubiquitination. In plants, this modifier modulates important biological processes, including growth, development, and flowering. Sumoylation has a crucial role in responses to abiotic stresses, e.g., phosphate deficiency, heat or low temperature, and drought, as well as in defenses against biotic stresses such as pathogen infection. Our review focuses on the current state of knowledge about SUMO and the functions of sumoylation related to stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana.