Effects of forest clear-cutting on the carbon and nitrogen fluxes through podzolic soil horizons

Effects of clear-cutting on the dissolved fluxes of organic C (DOC), organic N (DON), NO3− and NH4+ through surface soil horizons were studied in a Norway spruce dominated mixed boreal forest in eastern Finland. Bulk deposition, total throughfall and soil water from below the organic (including understorey vegetation and, after clear-cutting, also logging residues), eluvial and illuvial horizons were sampled weekly from 1993 to 1999. Clear-cutting was carried out in September 1996. The removal of the tree canopy decreased the deposition of DOC and DON to the forest floor and increased that of NH4+ and NO3− but did not affect the deposition of total N (DTN, <3 kg ha−1 a−1). The leaching of DOC and DON from the organic horizon increased over twofold after clear-cutting (fluxes were on an average 168 kg C and 3.3 kg N ha−1 a−1), but the increased outputs were effectively retained in the surface mineral soil horizons. Inorganic N deposition was mainly retained by the logging residues and organic horizon indicating microbial immobilization. Increased NO3− formation reflected as elevated concentrations in the percolate from below the mineral soil horizons were observed especially in the third year after clear-cutting. However, the changes were small and the increased leaching of DTN from below the illuvial horizon remained small (<0.4 kg ha−1 a−1) and mainly DON. Effects of clear-cutting on the transport of C and N to surface waters will probably be negligible.