Screening, Spatial Distribution and Human Health Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Freshly Harvested Vigna unguiculata

Eleven organochlorine pesticides (OCP) and seven organophosphate pesticide (OPP) residues were detected in white specie, while twelve OCPs and seven OPPs were found in brown specie.Five and six OCP residues were above recommended MRLs in white and brown species respectively.A health risk index (HRI) and hazard quotient (HQ) >1 was recorded for Dieldrin residue in brown beans, hence a likelihood to cause toxic health issues.With the exceptions in 4,4-DDE in brown, and p,p’-DDD in both species, other residues recorded cancer risk (CR) values > 10-6 suggesting a probable carcinogenic health risk in 1 in 1 million people from consumption of both bean species.