Pharmacokinetics of gadolinium-based contrast agents

被引:6
作者
Czock, D. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Klinikum Heidelberg, Abt Klin Pharmakol & Pharmakoepidemiol, Med Klin, Neuenheimer Feld 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
来源
RADIOLOGE | 2019年 / 59卷 / 05期
关键词
Magnetic resonance imaging; Gadobenic acid; Gadoxetic acid; Deposition; Risks;
D O I
10.1007/s00117-019-0496-7
中图分类号
R8 [特种医学]; R445 [影像诊断学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100207 ; 1009 ;
摘要
ZusammenfassungHintergrundGadoliniumhaltige Kontrastmittel werden routinema ss ig bei magnetresonanztomographischen Untersuchungen angewendet. In manchen Geweben sind sie noch nach langerer Zeit nachweisbar (Haut, Gehirn, Knochen).FragestellungWas ist uber die Pharmakokinetik von gadoliniumhaltigen Kontrastmitteln und uber die Ablagerungen in Geweben bekannt?Material und MethodeGrundlagenarbeiten und Expertenempfehlungen werden diskutiert.ErgebnisseGadoliniumhaltige Kontrastmittel verteilen sich rasch im ganzen Korper und werden renal eliminiert. Auf eine initial schnelle Elimination (Halbwertszeit etwa 2h) folgt eine langsame Eliminationsphase (Halbwertszeit etwa 6Tage), welche die Freisetzung aus Geweben reflektiert. Ablagerungen im Gehirn treten insbesondere nach Anwendung von linearen, nichtionischen Kontrastmitteln auf. Unklar ist, ob es sich dabei um cheliertes oder um freies Gadolinium handelt und ob ansonsten gesunde Menschen gleicherma ss en betroffen sind. Risiken durch Ablagerungen im Gehirn sind bisher nicht belegt.SchlussfolgerungVor Durchfuhrung einer Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) mit gadoliniumhaltigen Kontrastmitteln sollte eine individuelle Abwagung erfolgen (erwarteter Nutzen der Bildgebung, moglicherweise noch unerkannte Risiken, Verfugbarkeit von Alternativen und deren Risiken). Eine Messung von Gadolinium in Urin oder Blut von Patienten ist, au ss erhalb von Studien, nicht sinnvoll. AbstractBackgroundGadolinium-based contrast agents are used routinely in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They can be detected over along period of time in some tissues (skin, brain, bone).ObjectivesWhat is known on the pharmacokinetics of gadolinium-based contrast agents and on gadolinium deposition in various tissues?Materials and methodsFundamental research and expert recommendations are discussed.ResultsGadolinium-based contrast agents are distributed rapidly within the body and are eliminated by the kidneys. Afast initial elimination (half-life approximately 2h) is followed by aslow elimination phase (half-life approximately 6days), reflecting slow release from tissues. Deposition in the brain was observed mainly after administration of linear, non-ionic contrast agents. Whether gadolinium deposition in tissues consists of chelated or free gadolinium and whether otherwise healthy subjects are affected to asimilar extent, is unclear. Currently, there are no proven risks associated with gadolinium deposition in the brain.ConclusionsRisks and benefits should be considered on an individual basis before MRI with gadolinium-based contrast agents (expected benefit, potentially undetected risks, available alternatives and their risks). Quantification of gadolinium in urine or blood from patients is not meaningful and should not be done outside clinical studies.
引用
收藏
页码:408 / 412
页数:5
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