Mining and urbanization affect river chemical water quality and macroinvertebrate communities in the upper Selenga River Basin, Mongolia

被引:4
作者
Narangarvuu, Dashdondog [1 ]
Enkhdul, Tuuguu [2 ]
Erdenetsetseg, Erdenesukh [1 ,3 ]
Enkhrii-Ujin, Enkhbat [1 ]
Irmuunzaya, Khurtsbaatar [1 ]
Batbayar, Gunsmaa [4 ,5 ]
Oyundelger, Khurelpurev [6 ]
Yam, Rita Sau-Wai [7 ]
Pfeiffer, Martin [8 ]
机构
[1] Natl Univ Mongolia, Div Ecol, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
[2] Natl Univ Mongolia, Dept Environm & Forest Engn, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
[3] Natl Dong Hwa Univ, Shoufeng, Taiwan
[4] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Aquat Ecosyst Anal & Management ASAM, Magdeburg, Germany
[5] ADAPT Project, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
[6] Senckenberg Museum Nat Hist Gorlitz, Dept Bot, Gorlitz, Germany
[7] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Bioenvironm Syst Engn, Taipei, Taiwan
[8] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Biogeog, Univ Str 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
关键词
Bioindicators; Biotic index; Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera (EPT) complex; Metal pollution; Mongolia; HEAVY-METALS; BIOTIC INDEX; CONTAMINATION; INDICATORS; POLLUTION; PATTERNS; IMPACTS; SURFACE; REGION; SOIL;
D O I
10.1007/s10661-023-12022-x
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Mongolia is a country with a quickly growing economy mainly based on mining of gold, copper, coal, and other minerals. Mining, urbanization, and agriculture impact the water quality in the upper Selenga River Basin in northern Mongolia, which is the center of the Mongolian economy. Previous measurements of pollution loads were alarming, but restricted to chemical measurements. Here, for the first time, we combine freshwater biomonitoring and laboratory water quality data across a broad gradient of water quality and land use intensity. We track the effects of different types of pollution on aquatic invertebrates and test their use as bioindicators. We collected water samples, environmental parameters, and macroinvertebrates at 36 sampling sites at the rivers of Tuul, Kharaa, and Orkhon and their tributaries Sugnugur, Boroo, Sharyn Gol, Gatsuurt, and Yeroo. PCA of catchment water quality distinguished three groups of pollutants prevalent at the sites: (1) nutrients, (2) saline components (Cl-, Na +, Mg2+, SO42-, Ca2+) and mining by-products (B, Sr, U, Mo), and (3) (heavy) metals, which often exceeded regulatory standards. We recorded a total of 59 macroinvertebrate taxa belonging to 32 families in seven insect orders plus Amphipoda and Gastropoda. Species diversity declined with higher impact. Five environmental factors structured macroinvertebrate community composition in RDA: elevation of sample location, site total nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, and water chemistry. We conclude that macroinvertebrate communities are an appropriate and inexpensive tool for monitoring water quality in Mongolia and suggest government action to establish a long-term monitoring program.
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页数:18
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