Women's experiences and sustainable adaptation: a socio-ecological study of climate change in the Himalayas

Gender norms and the experiences of women play a pivotal role in shaping the sustainable outcomes of climate change mitigation and food security efforts, particularly in ecologically sensitive areas like the Himalayas. Despite their significance, these dimensions often remain marginalized in policy formulation processes. This research article aims to address this gap by conducting a cross-sectional study in ten villages within the Himalayan region. The study seeks to achieve two primary objectives: (i) assess the impact of climate-induced emergencies on women, and (ii) analyse the gendered norms influencing food choices, with the intent of identifying gender-inclusive measures for climate adaptation and food security. The research employs a mixed-methodology approach, combining quantitative analysis through household surveys (N = 210) with factor analysis, and qualitative insights derived from thematic analysis. The theoretical framework draws on Bourdieu's concept of "field," enabling a nuanced understanding of varied responses to climate change and their underlying rationales. Findings highlight that gender norms exacerbate the vulnerability of women to the impacts of climate change. Additionally, the research underscores the pivotal role of women's traditional knowledge in fostering sustainable food practices and climate adaptation strategies. This study sheds light on the necessity of integrating gender perspectives into policy formation for effective and equitable climate change adaptation and food security strategies in Himalayan communities. Current research underscores the imperative of recognizing and harnessing the experiences and knowledge of women to create holistic and enduring solutions to climate challenges.