Are the economics of pharmaceutical research and development changing?Productivity, patents and political pressures

被引：0
作者：
Henry Grabowski
机构：
[1] Duke University,Department of Economics
来源：
PharmacoEconomics | 2004年 / 22卷
关键词：
Patent Protection; Branded Product; Prior Authorisation; Generic Firm; Drug Introduction;
D O I：
暂无
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
Pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) competition in the 1980s and 1990s was characterised by rising R&D expenditures, favourable returns to innovators and the introduction of many new classes of drugs with high social benefits. However, in the past 3 years, the number of new drug introductions has been well below the historical trend, while the cost per new drug continues to increase. In addition to lagging R&D productivity, the industry has been characterised by other economic and policy uncertainties. These include a wave of early patent challenges and growing political pressure to contain pharmaceutical expenditures. This paper examines the consequences of these developments.
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页码：15 / 24
页数：9
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