ZnO/TiO2 core–shell nanowire arrays for enhanced dye-sensitized solar cell efficiency

We present a new method of synthesizing ZnO/TiO2 core–shell nanowire (NW) arrays for the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Vertically aligned ZnO NW arrays were obtained on Si substrates, and modified by a TiO2 shell in order to solve the recombination problems via a cost-effective spin-coating method. The structure of the ZnO/TiO2 composite NW arrays was characterized. The experimental results indicate that the TiO2 shell enhances the performance of the DSSCs, through improving the stability of the ZnO NWs and decreasing the recombination of photogenerated electrons on the NW surface. The highest overall conversion efficiency of the cell reaches about 3.0 %.