To examine the effect of perinatal helicopter transportation on maternal and child health. Helicopter transportation for the sparsely populated southern areas of Wakayama and Mie prefectures was introduced in June 2003. Maternal and child health statistics for 2000–2002 and 2004–2006 were compared between the south and north regions of the prefectures. There were 9 maternal transports from south Wakayama, 2 from north Wakayama, and 5 from south Mie in 2004–2006; and 13 neonatal transports from south Wakayama and 7 from north Wakayama during the same period. Decreases in neonatal and perinatal mortalities in 2004–2006 compared to 2000–2002 were greater in south Wakayama than in north Wakayama (−0.31 vs. −0.28, and −0.57 vs. −0.18, respectively); and greater in south Mie than in north Mie (−0.90 vs. −0.49, and −2.49 vs. −1.48, respectively). The changes in the number of maternal deaths between 2000–2002 and 2004–2006 were 0 in south Wakayama, 1 in north Wakayama, −2 in south Mie, and −1 in north Mie, with the greatest change occurring in south Mie. Use of a helicopter for perinatal transportation can possibly improve maternal and child health in sparsely populated areas far away from urban areas.
