共 115 条
[1]
Vincent JL(1995)The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. J Am Med Assoc 278 639-644
[2]
Bihari DJ(1998)Epidemiology of ventilator-acquired pneumonia based on protected bronchoscopic sampling. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 156 1839-1847
[3]
Suter PM(1997)Reproducibility of the histologic diagnosis of Pneumonia among a panel of four pathologists. Chest 112 458-465
[4]
Bruining HA(1994)Causes of fever and pulmonary densities in patients with clinical manifestations of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 106 221-235
[5]
White J(1999)The clinical utility of invasive diagnostic techniques in the setting of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 115 1076-1084
[6]
Nicolas-Chanoin MH(1993)Quantitative cultures of endotracheal aspirates for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am Rev Respir Dis 148 1552-1557
[7]
Wolff M(1991)Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia by bacteriologic analysis of bronchoscopic and nonbronchoscopic 'blind' bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Am Rev Respir Dis 143 1121-1129
[8]
Spencer RC(1993)Nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients: a cohort study evaluating attributable mortality and hospital stay. Am J Med 94 281-288
[9]
Hemmer M(1997)Relationship of microbiologic diagnostic criteria to morbidity and mortality in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. J Am Med Assoc 277 655-662
[10]
George DL(1996)Effect of ventilator-associated pneumonia on mortality and morbidity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154 91-97