Factors Influencing Sleep Quality and Effects of Sleep on Hypertension

Sleep is the natural circulation of the mind and body characterized by changes in consciousness, relatively suppressed sensory activity, contains almost all voluntary muscles which reduce interaction with the surrounding environment. Sleep in developing and developed countries have been progressively becoming a public health problem. It is well known that chronic diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide such as cardiovascular disease (CVD); hypertension, diabetes and cancer are linked to significant costs and hazards. The literature suggests that subjective complaints related to sleep be associated with the development of diabetes, hypertension and CVD. Hypertension, the main risk factor of coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, heart failure and chronic kidney disease are globally common due to hypertension. Less or long sleep duration has a negative impact on the quality of life, mental state, cognitive function, and health. The study prompts for sleep disorders, especially sleep deprivation and obstructive sleep apnea increases the risk of hypertension. Little is known about the relationship between insomnia and hypertension. The epidemiological studies reported the association between insomnia symptoms and the prevalence incidence of hypertension, especially in the case of short sleep time. In addition, some mechanisms have been proposed to explain the relationship between insomnia and high blood pressure. However, few studies have validated these recommendations. In this present review, we have demonstrated a variety of factors that influence sleep quality and the association between sleep and hypertension. © 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.