A review on biodegradable composites based on poly (lactic acid) with various bio fibers

Green, or biodegradable, composite materials are gaining attraction because they are less harmful to the environment and have the potential to eventually replace traditional composite materials. PLA-based green composites have drawn more and more attention from researchers due to the growing ecological risk and environmental consciousness. Because of its excellent mechanical and thermal qualities, eco-friendliness, biodegradability, and antibacterial qualities, PLA has emerged as the most promising matrix material for sustainable bio composites. These composites have the potential to be more appealing than conventional petroleum-based composites, which are toxic and nonbiodegradable. Due to their cost-effectiveness and lightweight nature, composite materials are widely used in a wide range of applications in the structural, automotive, aerospace, and other household sectors. However, the recycling process of traditional fiber-reinforced plastics frequently poses environmental challenges. The mechanical characteristics of bio composites may be greatly affected by the kind of fiber employed in the fiber/matrix adhesion. Furthermore, the current state of PLA 3D printing with natural fiber reinforcement was outlined, along with its potential in 4D printing for uses of stimuli-responsive polymers. The purpose of this study is to highlight the progress made and investigations completed on bio-composites based on natural fibers and polylactic acid (PLA) during the last decade. The synthesis, biodegradation, properties, methods and possible uses of PLA-derived bio composite materials are all summarized in this article.