The Relationship Between Currently Recommended Ambulatory Systolic Blood Pressure Measures and Left Ventricular Mass Index in Pediatric Hypertension

This study aims to explore the relationship between currently recommended ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) measures used to classify pediatric hypertension and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in children with true ambulatory hypertension. We performed a cross-sectional survey among 94 children who were consecutively referred for suspected hypertension. The calculated ABP measures were average 24-h systolic blood pressure (24-h aSBP) and 24-h SBP load. The LVMI was estimated by M-mode echocardiography using Devereux’s formula and indexed by height2,7. A total of 35 children fulfilled the criteria for true ambulatory hypertension (elevated office blood pressure, 24-h SBP load >25 %, and 24-h aSBP >95th percentile). Compared with children not fulfilling these criteria, those with true ambulatory hypertension had significantly higher values of 24-h aSBP, 24-h SBP load, and LVMI, as well as body mass index (BMI; P < 0.0001). In a separate analysis of both groups, none of the examined ABP measures adjusted for age, sex, and BMI correlated with LVMI. In those with true hypertension, only BMI was significantly associated with increased LVMI (F = 9.651; P = 0.004; adjusted R2 = 0.203). The results of our study suggest that pediatric hypertension, as determined by currently recommended ABP (SBP) measures, is not associated with subclinical end-organ damage as defined by the increased left ventricular mass. Therefore, additional factors associated with BMI increase must be considered as risk factors for the development of end-organ damage in hypertensive children.