Quantum Secret Sharing with Identity Authentication Based on GHZ States Entanglement Swapping

A quantum secret sharing scheme with identity authentication is proposed. By leveraging the measurement correlation of the GHZ states, conjugate measurement bases (X-basis and Y-basis) and bitwise XOR operation, the secret message sender, Alice, can authenticate the identities of other participants, namely Bob and Charlie. Once quantum identity authentication is established, Alice encrypts the secret message by mapping it into a local unitary operation on the GHZ particles based on the pre-agreed coding rules. With the entanglement swapping feature of GHZ states, Bob and Charlie can decode Alice’s secret message by utilizing Bell-basis measurement. The proposed scheme is characterized by its simple operation, high transmission efficiency and quantum bit utilization. Additionally, it demonstrates resilience against various common attacks, including interception retransmission attack, identity impersonation attack, denial of service attack, entangle-and-measure attack.