Satellite tagging and flipper tag recoveries reveal migration patterns and foraging distribution of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from eastern Australia

Marine turtles encounter different threats during various life-history stages. Therefore, understanding their movements and spatial distribution is crucial for effectively managing these long-lived migratory organisms. This study combines satellite telemetry data with long-term capture-mark-recapture data derived from flipper tag studies to determine distribution patterns of endangered loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) during post-nesting migrations from different eastern Australian nesting sites. Individuals from the K’gari-Fraser Island and Great Barrier Reef island rookeries typically migrated northward, whereas individuals from mainland rookeries migrated equally northward and southward. Despite this difference in foraging distribution, loggerheads from the different rookeries did not differ substantially in their migration duration or distance travelled. The foraging distribution identified from successful satellite tag deployments represented 50% of the foraging distribution identified from a large long-term flipper tag recovery database. However, these satellite telemetry results have identified new migration and foraging habitats not previously recognised for loggerhead turtles nesting in eastern Australia. Additionally, they support the conclusion from a past study using flipper tag recovery data that the mainland nesting turtles migrate to different foraging grounds than the turtles nesting on Great Barrier Reef islands. Collectively, the two data sources provide valuable data on the migration route, habitat distribution and ecological range for a threatened genetic stock of loggerhead turtles.