Sulfur dioxide in the mid-infrared transmission spectrum of WASP-39b

被引：34

作者：

Powell, Diana ^{[1
,2
]}

Feinstein, Adina D. ^{[2
,3
]}

Lee, Elspeth K. H. ^{[4
]}

Zhang, Michael ^{[2
]}

Tsai, Shang-Min ^{[5
]}

Taylor, Jake ^{[6
,7
,8
]}

Kirk, James ^{[9
]}

Bell, Taylor ^{[10
,11
]}

Barstow, Joanna K. ^{[12
]}

Gao, Peter ^{[13
]}

Bean, Jacob L. ^{[2
]}

Blecic, Jasmina ^{[14
,15
]}

Chubb, Katy L. ^{[16
]}

Crossfield, Ian J. M. ^{[17
]}

Jordan, Sean ^{[18
]}

Kitzmann, Daniel ^{[3
]}

Moran, Sarah E. ^{[19
]}

Morello, Giuseppe ^{[20
,21
,22
]}

Moses, Julianne I. ^{[23
]}

Welbanks, Luis ^{[24
]}

Yang, Jeehyun ^{[25
]}

Zhang, Xi ^{[26
]}

Ahrer, Eva-Maria ^{[27
,28
]}

Bello-Arufe, Aaron ^{[29
]}

Brande, Jonathan ^{[17
]}

Casewell, S. L. ^{[30
]}

Crouzet, Nicolas ^{[31
]}

Cubillos, Patricio E. ^{[32
,33
]}

Demory, Brice-Olivier ^{[4
,34
]}

Dyrek, Achrene ^{[35
]}

Flagg, Laura ^{[36
,37
]}

Hu, Renyu ^{[29
,38
]}

Inglis, Julie ^{[38
]}

Jones, Kathryn D. ^{[4
]}

Kreidberg, Laura ^{[39
]}

Lopez-Morales, Mercedes ^{[1
]}

Lagage, Pierre-Olivier ^{[35
]}

Meier Valdes, Erik A. ^{[4
]}

Miguel, Yamila ^{[31
,40
]}

Parmentier, Vivien ^{[41
]}

Piette, Anjali A. A. ^{[13
]}

Rackham, Benjamin V. ^{[42
,43
]}

Radica, Michael ^{[7
,8
]}

Redfield, Seth ^{[44
,45
]}

Stevenson, Kevin B. ^{[46
]}

Wakeford, Hannah R. ^{[47
]}

Aggarwal, Keshav ^{[48
]}

Alam, Munazza K. ^{[13
]}

Batalha, Natalie M. ^{[49
]}

Batalha, Natasha E. ^{[50
]}

机构：

[1] Harvard & Smithsonian, Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[2] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

[3] Univ Colorado Boulder, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO USA

[4] Univ Bern, Ctr Space & Habitabil, Bern, Switzerland

[5] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA

[6] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England

[7] Univ Montreal, Inst Trottier Rech Les Exoplanetes, Montreal, PQ, Canada

[8] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada

[9] Imperial Coll London, Dept Phys, London, England

[10] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA

[11] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA

[12] Open Univ, Sch Phys Sci, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England

[13] Carnegie Inst Sci, Earth & Planets Lab, Washington, DC 20005 USA

[14] New York Univ Abu Dhabi, Dept Phys, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates

[15] New York Univ Abu Dhabi, Ctr Astro Particle & Planetary Phys CAP3, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates

[16] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Exoplanet Sci, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland

[17] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA

[18] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge, England

[19] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA

[20] Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Space Earth & Environm, Gothenburg, Sweden

[21] IAC, Tenerife, Spain

[22] INAF Palermo Astron Observ, Palermo, Italy

[23] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA

[24] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA

[25] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Planetary Sci Sect, Pasadena, CA USA

[26] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[27] Univ Warwick, Ctr Exoplanets & Habitabil, Coventry, W Midlands, England

[28] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry, W Midlands, England

[29] CALTECH, Astrophys Sect, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[30] Univ Leicester, Sch Phys & Astron, Leicester, Leics, England

[31] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, Leiden, Netherlands

[32] INAF Turin Astrophys Observ, Pino Torinese, Italy

[33] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Graz, Austria

[34] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Space & Planetary Sci, Bern, Switzerland

[35] Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, CNRS, AIM, Gif Sur Yvette, France

[36] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

[37] Cornell Univ, Carl Sagan Inst, Ithaca, NY USA

[38] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[39] Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, Germany

[40] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Leiden, Netherlands

[41] Univ Cote Azur, Observ Cote Azur, CNRS, Lab Lagrange, French Riviera, France

[42] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

[43] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

[44] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Astron, Middletown, CT USA

[45] Wesleyan Univ, Van Vleck Observ, Middletown, CT USA

[46] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA

[47] Univ Bristol, Sch Phys, Bristol, Avon, England

[48] Indian Inst Technol Indore, Indore, India

[49] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[50] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA

来源：

NATURE | 2024年 / 626卷 / 8001期

基金：

欧洲研究理事会; 欧盟地平线“2020”; 瑞士国家科学基金会;

关键词：

MOLECULAR LINE LISTS; COLLISION-INDUCED ABSORPTION; ROTATION-VIBRATION SPECTRUM; WEBB-SPACE-TELESCOPE; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; SYNTHETIC SPECTRA; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; GAS-PHASE;

D O I：

10.1038/s41586-024-07040-9

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

The recent inference of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the atmosphere of the hot (approximately 1,100K), Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b from near-infrared JWST observations(1-3) suggests that photochemistry is a key process in high-temperature exoplanet atmospheres(4). This is because of the low (<1ppb) abundance of SO2 under thermochemical equilibrium compared with that produced from the photochemistry of H2O and H2S (1-10ppm)(4-9). However, the SO2 inference was made from a single, small molecular feature in the transmission spectrum of WASP-39b at 4.05 mu m and, therefore, the detection of other SO2 absorption bands at different wavelengths is needed to better constrain the SO2 abundance. Here we report the detection of SO2 spectral features at 7.7 and 8.5 mu m in the 5-12-mu m transmission spectrum of WASP-39b measured by the JWST Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) Low Resolution Spectrometer (LRS)(10). Our observations suggest an abundance of SO2 of 0.5-25ppm (1 sigma range), consistent with previous findings(4). As well as SO2, we find broad water-vapour absorption features, as well as an unexplained decrease in the transit depth at wavelengths longer than 10 mu m. Fitting the spectrum with a grid of atmospheric forward models, we derive an atmospheric heavy-element content (metallicity) for WASP-39b of approximately 7.1-8.0 times solar and demonstrate that photochemistry shapes the spectra of WASP-39b across a broad wavelength range.

引用

页码：979 / +

页数：22

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