Three-dimensional modeling of fracture in quasi-brittle materials using plasticity and cohesive finite elements

This paper presents a three-dimensional discrete approach based on the use of interface cohesive elements with zero thickness to model the crack formation and propagation in quasi-brittle materials. The interface constitutive model incorporates concepts of nonlinear fracture mechanics and plasticity. A Coulomb-based surface is used as yield function, and an exponential traction–separation curve as softening law. The model features a non-associated flow rule with an implicit integration scheme and is able to simulate the propagation of single and multiple cracks in mode I and mixed-mode. The proposed model was tested through extension and shear paths and applied in the simulation of experimental tests in concrete specimens available in the literature. Also, a study on the effect of the use of different bulk elements was performed. Numerical results, including peak loads and load-CMOD curves showing softening behavior, are in good agreement with the experimental data.