Coastal wetland loss, consequences, and challenges for restoration

被引：147
作者：
Li X. [1 ]
Bellerby R. [1 ,2 ]
Craft C. [3 ]
Widney S.E. [3 ]
机构：
[1] State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai
[2] Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Bergen
[3] School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, 47405, IN
来源：
Anthropocene Coasts | 2018年 / 1卷 / 1期
基金：
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词：
Coastal wetlands; Consequence; Functionalities; Loss; Restoration;
D O I：
10.1139/anc-2017-0001
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
Coastal wetlands mainly include ecosystems of mangroves, coral reefs, salt marsh, and sea grass beds. As the buffer zone between land and sea, they are frequently threatened from both sides. The world coastal wetland lost more than 50% of its area in the 20th century, largely before their great value, such as wave attenuation, erosion control, biodiversity support, and carbon sequestration, was fully recognized. World wetland loss and degradation was accelerated in the last three decades, caused by both anthropogenic and natural factors, such as land reclamation, aquaculture, urbanization, harbor and navigation channel construction, decreased sediment input from the catchments, sea level rise, and erosion. Aquaculture is one of the key destinations of coastal wetland transformation. Profound consequences have been caused by coastal wetland loss, such as habitat loss for wild species, CO2 and N2 O emission from land reclamation and aquaculture, and flooding. Great efforts have been made to restore coastal wetlands, but challenges remain due to lack of knowledge about interactions between vegetation and morphological dynamics. Compromise among the different functionalities remains a challenge during restoration of coastal wetlands, especially when faced with highly profitable coastal land use. To solve the problem, multi-disciplinary efforts are needed from physio-chemical–biological monitoring to modelling, designing, and restoring practices with site-specific knowledge. © 2018, Canadian Science Publishing. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码：1 / 15
页数：14
相关论文
共 77 条
  • [11] Donato D.C., Kauffman J.B., Murdiyarso D., Kurnianto S., Stidham M., Kanninen M., Mangroves among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics, Nat. Geosci., 4, pp. 293-297, (2011)
  • [12] Doody J.P., Coastal squeeze and managed realignment in southeast England, does it tell us anything about the future?, Ocean Coast. Manag., 79, pp. 34-41, (2013)
  • [13] Duarte C.M., Middelburg J.J., Caraco N., Major role of marine vegetation on the oceanic carbon cycle, Biogeosciences, 2, pp. 1-8, (2005)
  • [14] Elmer W.H., Useman S., Schneider R.W., Marra R.E., Lamondia J.A., Mendelssohn I.A., Et al., Sudden vegetation dieback in Atlantic and Gulf coast salt marshes, Plant Dis, 97, 4, pp. 436-445, (2013)
  • [15] The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2016. Contributing to Food Security and Nutrition for All, (2016)
  • [16] Gao S., Du Y.F., Xie W.J., Gao W.H., Wang D.D., Wu X.D., Environment-ecosystem dynamic processes of Spartina alterniflora salt-marshes along the eastern China coastlines, Sci. China Earth Sci., 57, 11, pp. 2567-2586, (2014)
  • [17] Gedan K.B., Silliman B.R., Bertness M.D., Centuries of human-driven change in salt marsh ecosystems, Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci., 1, pp. 117-141, (2009)
  • [18] Hallegatte S., Green C., Nicholls R.J., Corfeemorlot J., Future flood losses in major coastal cities, Nat. Clim. Change, 3, pp. 802-806, (2013)
  • [19] He Q., Silliman B.R., Biogeographic consequences of nutrient enrichment for plant-herbivore interactions in coastal wetlands, Ecol. Lett., 18, pp. 462-471, (2015)
  • [20] Hinrichsen D., Olsen S., Coastal Waters of the World: Trends, Threats, and Strategies. Island Press, (1998)
12345678