Male infertility

被引：0
作者：
Michael L. Eisenberg
Sandro C. Esteves
Dolores J. Lamb
James M. Hotaling
Aleksander Giwercman
Kathleen Hwang
Yu-Sheng Cheng
机构：
[1] Stanford University School of Medicine,Department of Urology
[2] Stanford University School of Medicine,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
[3] ANDROFERT Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences
[4] State University of Campinas (UNICAMP),Center for Reproductive Genomics
[5] Weill Cornell Medical College,Englander Institute for Precision Medicine
[6] Weill Cornell Medical College,Department of Urology
[7] Weill Cornell Medical College,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery
[8] University of Utah School of Medicine,Department of Translational Medicine
[9] Lund University,Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine
[10] University of Pittsburgh Medical Center,undefined
[11] National Cheng Kung University,undefined
来源：
Nature Reviews Disease Primers | / 9卷
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摘要：
Clinical infertility is the inability of a couple to conceive after 12 months of trying. Male factors are estimated to contribute to 30–50% of cases of infertility. Infertility or reduced fertility can result from testicular dysfunction, endocrinopathies, lifestyle factors (such as tobacco and obesity), congenital anatomical factors, gonadotoxic exposures and ageing, among others. The evaluation of male infertility includes detailed history taking, focused physical examination and selective laboratory testing, including semen analysis. Treatments include lifestyle optimization, empirical or targeted medical therapy as well as surgical therapies that lead to measurable improvement in fertility. Although male infertility is recognized as a disease with effects on quality of life for both members of the infertile couple, fewer data exist on specific quantification and impact compared with other health-related conditions.
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