Aerodynamic drag of bodies in transonic flow. Theory and applications to computational aerodynamics

Formulas for all the components of the aerodynamic drag (total, friction, inductive, wave, pressure, and heat-transfer) are uniformly derived as applied to flows governed by the Navier-Stokes and Reynolds equations. For flows of this type the definition of the aerodynamic drag components is refined and the physical basis of the chosen method of breaking up the total drag into components is discussed. Ways of calculating the aerodynamic drag components using the methods of computational aerodynamics are considered. On the basis of the refined formulas the drag components are calculated for flows around airfoils and a high-aspect-ratio wing in transonic flow.