The effects of air temperature and precipitation on the net primary productivity in China during the early 21st century

Research on how terrestrial ecosystems respond to climate change can reveal the complex interactions between vegetation and climate. net primary productivity (NPP), an important vegetation parameter and ecological indicator, fluctuates within any given ecological environment or regional carbon budget. In this study, spatial interpolation was used to generate a spatial dataset, with 1-km spatial resolution, with meteorological data from 736 observation stations across China. An improved CASA model was used to simulate NPP over the period of 2001–2013 by taking into account land-cover change in every year during the same period. We propose the gridbased spatial patterns and dynamics of annual NPP, annual average temperature, and annual total precipitation based on the model. We also used the model to demonstrate the spatial correlation between NPP, temperature, and precipitation in the study area with special focus on the impact of climate change in the early 21st century. Results showed that the spatial pattern of NPP over all of China is characterized by higher values in the southeast and lower values in the northwest. The spatial pattern of temperature indicates substantial latitudinal differences across the country, and the spatial pattern of precipitation shows a ribbon of decline from the southeast coast to the northwest inland. Most areas show an upward trend in NPP. Temperatures appear to decrease across the country during the global warming hiatus (1998–2008), and are accompanied by an increase in precipitation over most regions. The correlation between NPP and annual average temperature is weak. Alternatively, NPP and annual total precipitation are positively correlated in northern and central China at a coefficient above 0.64 (p<0.01) yet negatively correlated in the eastern parts of the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau and Sichuan Basin. Results can provide useful information for improving parameters for calibration of the terrestrial ecosystem process model.