On the Variability of the Solar Mean Magnetic Field: Contributions from Various Magnetic Features on the Surface of the Sun

The solar mean magnetic field (SMMF) is referred to as the disk-averaged line-of-sight (LOS) magnetic field that also reflects the polarity imbalance of the magnetic field on the Sun. The origin of the SMMF has been debated over the past few decades, with one school of thought suggesting that the contribution to the SMMF is mostly due to the large-scale magnetic field structure, also called the background magnetic field, whereas other and more recent studies have indicated that active regions have a major contribution to the observed SMMF. In this paper, we re-investigate the issue of the origin of the SMMF by decomposing the solar disk into plages, networks, sunspots, and background regions, thereby calculating the variation in the observed SMMF due to each of these features. We have used full-disk images from Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/AIA recorded at 1600 angstrom for earmarking plages, networks, and background regions and 4500 angstrom images for separating the sunspots. The LOS fields corresponding to each of these regions are estimated from the co-temporal SDO/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager full-disk magnetograms. The temporal variation of the SMMF shows a near one-to-one correspondence with that of the background field regions, suggesting that they constitute the major component of the observed SMMF. A linear regression analysis based on the coefficient of determination shows that the background field dominates and accounts for 89% of the variation in the SMMF, whereas the magnetic field from the other features accounts for the rest 11%.