The Ocean CO2 Sink in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: A Present-Day Budget and Past Trends Due to Climate Change

Arctic shelf seas are highly heterogeneous, making it difficult to accurately account for their role in regional and global air-sea CO2 exchange budgets. Here we estimate the CO2 sink in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) based on empirical relationships that account for spatiotemporal variations in the sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2sw)) as a function of seasonal sea ice cycles. During the open water season from 2010 to 2016, the CAA acted as a net oceanic sink with an average CO2 flux of -7.7 +/- 4 Tg C/year. This sink is significantly smaller than previous estimates for the CAA, emphasizing the importance of properly accounting for seasonal and spatial variability on Arctic shelves. Applying our analysis to a 37-year record of sea ice conditions, we calculate an increase in the open water CO2 sink by similar to 150% (a trend of similar to-1.3 Tg C/decade), associated with sea ice loss and higher wind speeds. Plain Language Summary Much of the carbon dioxide (CO2 ) humans put into the air ends up in the oceans. This is good because it slows down climate change but also bad because some creatures could be hurt by extra CO2. In the Arctic, it is hard to know how much CO2 is absorbed by the ocean, because the ocean is frozen for much of the year. In this paper, we try to figure out how much CO2 is going into the Canadian Arctic Archipelago-a shallow sea in northern Canada that is home to the famous Northwest Passage. We found that the amount of CO2 going into this sea is much lower than scientists thought before because they did not fully account for the ice. However, the amount of CO2 going into the sea each year is increasing, because sea ice is melting due to climate change.