Secondary osteoporosis: Pathophysiology & diagnosis

被引:55
作者
Emkey, Gregory R. [1 ]
Epstein, Sol [2 ]
机构
[1] Penn Reg Ctr Arthrit & Osteoporosis Res, Wyomissing, PA 19610 USA
[2] Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA
关键词
osteoporosis; secondary osteoporosis; fragility fractures; hyperparathyroid ism; glucocorticoids; multiple myeloma; vitamin D deficiency; aromatase inhibitors; hyperthyroidism; hypercalciuria; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY; DEPOT MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; B LIGAND RANKL; GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED OSTEOPOROSIS; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; HORMONE-BINDING GLOBULIN; HIP FRACTURE RISK; D-RECEPTOR LEVELS;
D O I
10.1016/j.beem.2014.07.002
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass and microarchitectural changes in bone tissue that increase the susceptibility to fracture. Secondary osteoporosis is loosely defined as low bone mineral density or increased risk of fragility fracture caused by any factor other than aging or postmenopausal status. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current understanding of the pathophysiology and contribution to fracture risk of many of the more common causes of secondary osteoporosis, as well as diagnostic considerations, outlined by organ system. While not comprehensive, included are a wide array of diseases, conditions, and medications that have been associated with bone loss and susceptibility to fractures. The hope is to highlight the importance to the general clinician of screening for and treating the osteoporosis in these patients, so to limit the resultant increased morbidity associated with fractures. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:911 / 935
页数:25
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