Engine's working condition directly influence on its efficient usage. It's working condition rely mainly on bearing wearing and degradation of lubrication oils. In this paper,wear metals and some key physico-chemical properties of lubricating oils during use have been determined. According to these data,the artificial neural network had been used for predicting engine's failure. The network has ability of self-learning,self-organization, adapting changes of circumstance, extrapolating and anti-interfering. Here the relationship model had been set up by artificial neural network between the Engine oil's using time and it's physico-chemical properties. The principle of monitoring was also built up. With this principle,Engine's failure would be predicted efficiently and simply.