An in-vivo comparative analysis of the intra-operative properties of injectable calcium phosphate/calcium sulphate based bone cements

The aim of this work was to assess the mixing, transfer and handling, properties, injectability, set time, wash-out characteristics, acceptance of hardware (i.e. stainless screws), and their delivery/transfer systems of self hardening synthetic bone cements made from calcium phosphate and calcium sulphate. Surgical procedures (i.e. cranioplasty) were performed on adult Labrador dogs using seven different bone cements from various manufacturers. Direct comparison of the defined intraoperative properties were evaluated and recorded. There is considerable variability with respect to application properties among commercially available injectable synthetic bone cements. Only one product was rated good to excellent in seven of the eight categories evaluated (6-excellent, 1-good, 1-fair) based on in-vivo tests. This study Outlines the critical parameters required for successful implantation of cements that have to be understood when designing new injectable bone cements for the future.