Diving below the Spin-down Limit: Constraints on Gravitational Waves from the Energetic Young Pulsar PSR J0537-6910

被引:36
作者
Abbott, R. [1 ]
Abbott, T. D. [2 ]
Abraham, S. [3 ]
Acernese, F. [4 ,5 ]
Ackley, K. [6 ]
Adams, A. [7 ]
Adams, C. [8 ]
Adhikari, R. X. [1 ]
Adya, V. B. [9 ]
Affeldt, C. [10 ,11 ]
Agarwal, D. [3 ]
Agathos, M. [12 ,13 ]
Agatsuma, K. [14 ]
Aggarwal, N. [15 ]
Aguiar, O. D. [16 ]
Aiello, L. [17 ,18 ,19 ]
Ain, A. [20 ,21 ]
Ajith, P. [22 ]
Akutsu, T. [23 ,24 ]
Aleman, K. M. [25 ]
Allen, G. [26 ]
Allocca, A. [5 ,27 ]
Altin, P. A. [9 ]
Amato, A. [28 ]
Anand, S. [1 ]
Ananyeva, A. [1 ]
Anderson, S. B. [1 ]
Anderson, W. G. [29 ]
Ando, M. [23 ,30 ,31 ]
Angelova, S., V [32 ]
Ansoldi, S. [33 ,34 ]
Antelis, J. M. [35 ]
Antier, S. [36 ]
Appert, S. [1 ]
Arai, Koya [37 ]
Arai, Koji [1 ]
Arai, Y. [37 ]
Araki, S. [38 ]
Araya, A. [39 ]
Araya, M. C. [1 ]
Areeda, J. S. [25 ]
Arene, M. [36 ]
Aritomi, N. [30 ]
Arnaud, N. [40 ,41 ]
Aronson, S. M. [42 ]
Arun, K. G. [43 ]
Asada, H. [44 ]
Asali, Y. [45 ]
Ashton, G. [6 ]
Aso, Y. [46 ,47 ]
机构
[1] CALTECH, LIGO, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
[2] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
[3] Interuniv Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
[4] Univ Salerno, Dipartimento Farm, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
[5] Complesso Univ Monte S Angelo, Sez Napoli, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy
[6] Monash Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, OzGrav, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
[7] Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA
[8] LIGO Livingston Observ, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
[9] Australian Natl Univ, OzGrav, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
[10] Albert Einstein Inst, Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
[11] Leibniz Univ Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
[12] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England
[13] Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena, Theoret Phys Inst, D-07743 Jena, Germany
[14] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England
[15] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Explorat & Res Astrophys CI, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
[16] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
[17] Cardiff Univ, Grav Explorat Inst, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales
[18] Gran Sasso Sci Inst GSSI, I-67100 Laquila, Italy
[19] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
[20] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
[21] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
[22] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Int Ctr Theoret Sci, Bengaluru 560089, India
[23] Natl Astron Observ Japan NAOJ, Gravitat Wave Sci Project, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan
[24] Natl Astron Observ Japan NAOJ, Adv Technol Ctr, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan
[25] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
[26] Univ Illinois, NCSA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
[27] Univ Napoli Federico II, Complesso Univ Monte S Angelo, I-80126 Naples, Italy
[28] Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Univ Lyon, Inst Lumiere Matiere, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
[29] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
[30] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
[31] Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe RESCEU, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
[32] Univ Strathclyde, SUPA, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland
[33] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Matemat & Informat, I-33100 Udine, Italy
[34] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
[35] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA
[36] Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75006 Paris, France
[37] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res ICRR, KAGRA Observ, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan
[38] High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Accelerator Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan
[39] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130032, Japan
[40] Univ Paris Saclay, IJCLab, CNRS IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France
[41] European Gravitat Observ EGO, I-56021 Pisa, Italy
[42] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
[43] Chennai Math Inst, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
[44] Hirosaki Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan
[45] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA
[46] Natl Astron Observ Japan NAOJ, Kamioka Branch, Kamioka Cho, Hida City, Gifu 5061205, Japan
[47] Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan
[48] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy
[49] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules LAPP, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
[50] Nikhef, Sci Pk 105, NL-1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
基金
匈牙利科学研究基金会; 新加坡国家研究基金会; 瑞士国家科学基金会; 中国国家自然科学基金; 俄罗斯科学基金会; 俄罗斯基础研究基金会; 英国工程与自然科学研究理事会; 澳大利亚研究理事会; 英国科学技术设施理事会;
关键词
Gravitational waves; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; R-MODE; BIG GLITCHER; 1ST SEARCH; ROTATION; HISTORY; N157B;
D O I
10.3847/2041-8213/abffcd
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
We present a search for quasi-monochromatic gravitational-wave signals from the young, energetic X-ray pulsar PSR J0537-6910 using data from the second and third observing runs of LIGO and Virgo. The search is enabled by a contemporaneous timing ephemeris obtained using Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) data. The NICER ephemeris has also been extended through 2020 October and includes three new glitches. PSR J0537-6910 has the largest spin-down luminosity of any pulsar and exhibits fRequent and strong glitches. Analyses of its long-term and interglitch braking indices provide intriguing evidence that its spin-down energy budget may include gravitational-wave emission from a time-varying mass quadrupole moment. Its 62 Hz rotation frequency also puts its possible gravitational-wave emission in the most sensitive band of the LIGO/Virgo detectors. Motivated by these considerations, we search for gravitational-wave emission at both once and twice the rotation frequency from PSR J0537-6910. We find no signal, however, and report upper limits. Assuming a rigidly rotating triaxial star, our constraints reach below the gravitational-wave spin-down limit for this star for the first time by more than a factor of 2 and limit gravitational waves from the l = m = 2 mode to account for less than 14% of the spin-down energy budget. The fiducial equatorial ellipticity is constrained to less than about 3 x10(-5), which is the third best constraint for any young pulsar.
引用
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页数:15
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