Emissivity considerations in building thermography

In the last 25 years, there have been considerable efforts put into the use and development of infrared thermography on buildings and large structures. As a result, nowadays, there are systems that can be used effectively in outdoor and/or indoor building surveys; indication and monitoring of problems such as voids, detached areas, deposits of humidity, etc. However, the principal problem where infrared thermographic measurements are concerned is the emissivity-emittance of the material(s). Given that an infrared camera detects the radiation emitted by a material under investigation and renders this energy to a temperature-thermal image, the feature that describes the relation between the emitted radiation and the material's temperature, is termed as emissivity. Emissivity is actually a surface property that states the ability of the investigated material to emit energy. Correct emissivity values could provide valuable information concerning the interpretation of thermal images obtained from thermographic surveys. There is a considerable amount of work that has been published on emissivity of different materials and under various circumstances (i.e. temperature, surface condition, wavelength). In this work, a review on emissivity measurement techniques and the importance of emissivity values on building diagnostics was materialised. Furthermore, the emissivity of selected building materials were determined at a variety of temperatures, in the mid and long wavelength regions of the infrared spectrum, using different approaches and were discussed and explained in terms of the approach used, the wavelength and temperature effects, as well as the materials surface state. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.