The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. V. Rising X-Ray Emission from an Off-axis Jet

被引：279

作者：

Margutti, R. ^{[1
,2
]}

Berger, E. ^{[3
]}

Fong, W. ^{[1
,2
]}

Guidorzi, C. ^{[4
]}

Alexander, K. D. ^{[3
]}

Metzger, B. D. ^{[5
,6
]}

Blanchard, P. K. ^{[3
]}

Cowperthwaite, P. S. ^{[3
]}

Chornock, R. ^{[7
]}

Eftekhari, T. ^{[3
]}

Nicholl, M. ^{[3
]}

Villar, V. A. ^{[3
]}

Williams, P. K. G. ^{[3
]}

Annis, J. ^{[8
]}

Brown, D. A. ^{[9
]}

Chen, H. ^{[10
]}

Doctor, Z. ^{[10
]}

Frieman, J. A. ^{[8
,11
]}

Holz, D. E. ^{[11
,12
]}

Sako, M. ^{[13
]}

Soares-Santos, M. ^{[8
,14
]}

机构：

[1] Northwestern Univ, CIERA, Evanston, IL 60208 USA

[2] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA

[3] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[4] Univ Ferrara, Dept Phys & Earth Sci, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy

[5] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA

[6] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA

[7] Ohio Univ, Inst Astrophys, Dept Phys & Astron, 251B Clippinger Lab, Athens, OH 45701 USA

[8] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA

[9] Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA

[10] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

[11] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

[12] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

[13] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA

[14] Brandeis Univ, Dept Phys, Waltham, MA 02454 USA

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS | 2017年 / 848卷 / 02期

基金：

美国国家航空航天局; 美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

stars: neutron; gravitational waves; relativistic processes; BURSTS; AFTERGLOW; CONNECTION; SUPERNOVA;

D O I：

10.3847/2041-8213/aa9057

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We report the discovery of rising X-ray emission from the binary neutron star merger event GW170817. This is the first detection of X-ray emission from a gravitational-wave (GW) source. Observations acquired with the Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) at t approximate to 2.3 days post-merger reveal no significant emission, with L-x less than or similar to 3.2 x 10(38) erg s(-1) (isotropic-equivalent). Continued monitoring revealed the presence of an X-ray source that brightened with time, reaching L-x approximate to 9 x 10(39) erg s(-1) at approximate to 15.1 days post-merger. We interpret these findings in the context of isotropic and collimated relativistic outflows (both on-and off-axis). We find that the broadband X-ray to radio observations are consistent with emission from a relativistic jet with kinetic energy E-k similar to 10(49-50) erg, viewed off-axis with theta(obs) similar to 20 degrees-40 degrees. Our models favor a circumbinary density n similar to 10(-4)-10(-2) cm(-3), depending on the value of the microphysical parameter epsilon(B) = 10(-4)-10(-2). A centralengine origin of the X-ray emission is unlikely. Future X-ray observations at t greater than or similar to 100 days, when the target will be observable again with the CXO, will provide additional constraints to solve the model degeneracies and test our predictions. Our inferences on theta(obs) are testable with GW information on GW170817 from advanced LIGO/Virgo on the binary inclination.

引用

页数：7

共 16 条

[1] The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. VII. Properties of the Host Galaxy and Constraints on the Merger Timescale
Blanchard, P. K.
Berger, E.
Fong, W.
Nicholl, M.
Leja, J.
Conroy, C.
Alexander, K. D.
Margutti, R.
Williams, P. K. G.
Doctor, Z.
Chornock, R.
Villari, V. A.
Cowperthwaite, P. S.
Annis, J.
Brout, D.
Brown, D. A.
Chen, H. -Y.
Eftekhari, T.
Frieman, J. A.
Holz, D. E.
Metzger, B. D.
Rest, A.
Sako, M.
Soares-Santos, M.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2017, 848 (02)
[2] The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. I. Discovery of the Optical Counterpart Using the Dark Energy Camera
Soares-Santos, M.
Holz, D. E.
Annis, J.
Chornock, R.
Herner, K.
Berger, E.
Brout, D.
Chen, H. -Y.
Kessler, R.
Sako, M.
Allam, S.
Tucker, D. L.
Butler, R. E.
Palmese, A.
Doctor, Z.
Diehl, H. T.
Frieman, J.
Yanny, B.
Lin, H.
Scolnic, D.
Cowperthwaite, P.
Neilsen, E.
Marriner, J.
Kuropatkin, N.
Hartley, W. G.
Paz-Chinchon, F.
Alexander, K. D.
Balbinot, E.
Blanchard, P.
Brown, D. A.
Carlin, J. L.
Conselice, C.
Cook, E. R.
Drlica-Wagner, A.
Drout, M. R.
Durret, F.
Eftekhari, T.
Farr, B.
Finley, D. A.
Foley, R. J.
Fong, W.
Fryer, C. L.
Garcia-Bellido, J.
Gill, M. S. S.
Gruendl, R. A.
Hanna, C.
Kasen, D.
Li, T. S.
Lopes, P. A. A.
Lourenco, A. C. C.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2017, 848 (02)
[3] The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. VI. Radio Constraints on a Relativistic Jet and Predictions for Late-time Emission from the Kilonova Ejecta
Alexander, K. D.
Berger, E.
Fong, W.
Williams, P. K. G.
Guidorzi, C.
Margutti, R.
Metzger, B. D.
Annis, J.
Blanchard, P. K.
Brout, D.
Brown, D. A.
Chen, H. -Y.
Chornock, R.
Cowperthwaite, P. S.
Drout, M.
Eftekhari, T.
Frieman, J.
Holz, D. E.
Nicholl, M.
Rest, A.
Sako, M.
Soares-Santos, M.
Viliar, V. A.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2017, 848 (02)
[4] The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. VIII. A Comparison to Cosmological Short-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts
Fong, W.
Berger, E.
Blanchard, P. K.
Margutti, R.
Cowperthwaite, P. S.
Chornock, R.
Alexander, K. D.
Metzger, B. D.
Villar, V. A.
Nicholl, M.
Eftekhari, T.
Williams, P. K. G.
Annis, J.
Brout, D.
Brown, D. A.
Chen, H. -Y.
Doctor, Z.
Diehl, H. T.
Holz, D. E.
Rest, A.
Sako, M.
Soares-Santos, M.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2017, 848 (02)
[5] The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. III. Optical and UV Spectra of a Blue Kilonova from Fast Polar Ejecta
Nicholls, M.
Berger, E.
Kasen, D.
Metzger, B. D.
Elias, J.
Briceno, C.
Alexander, K. D.
Blanchard, P. K.
Chornock, R.
Cowperthwaite, P. S.
Eftekhari, T.
Fong, W.
Margutti, R.
Villar, V. A.
Williams, P. K. G.
Brown, W.
Annis, J.
Bahramian, A.
Brout, D.
Browns, D. A.
Chen, H. -Y.
Clemens, J. C.
Dennihy, E.
Dunlap, B.
Holzi, D. E.
Marchesini, E.
Massaro, F.
Moskowitz, N.
Pelisoli, I.
Rest, A.
Ricci, F.
Sako, M.
Soares-Santos, M.
Strader, J.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2017, 848 (02)
[6] The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. II. UV, Optical, and Near-infrared Light Curves and Comparison to Kilonova Models
Cowperthwaite, P. S.
Berger, E.
Villar, V. A.
Metzger, B. D.
Nicholl, M.
Chornock, R.
Blanchard, P. K.
Fong, W.
Margutti, R.
Soares-Santos, M.
Alexander, K. D.
Allam, S.
Annis, J.
Brout, D.
Brown, D. A.
Butler, R. E.
Chen, H. -Y.
Diehl, H. T.
Doctor, Z.
Drout, M. R.
Eftekhari, T.
Farr, B.
Finley, D. A.
Foley, R. J.
Frieman, J. A.
Fryer, C. L.
Garcia-Bellido, J.
Gill, M. S. S.
Guillochon, J.
Herner, K.
Holz, D. E.
Kasen, D.
Kessler, R.
Marriner, J.
Matheson, T.
Neilsen, E. H., Jr.
Quataert, E.
Palmese, A.
Rest, A.
Sako, M.
Scolnic, D. M.
Smith, N.
Tucker, D. L.
Williams, P. K. G.
Balbinot, E.
Carlin, J. L.
Cook, E. R.
Durret, F.
Li, T. S.
Lopes, P. A. A.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2017, 848 (02)
[7] The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. IV. Detection of Near-infrared Signatures of r-process Nucleosynthesis with Gemini-South
Chornock, R.
Berger, E.
Kasen, D.
Cowperthwaite, P. S.
Nichol, M.
Villar, V. A.
Alexander, K. D.
Blanchard, P. K.
Eftekhari, T.
Fong, W.
Margutti, R.
Williams, P. K. G.
Annis, J.
Brout, D.
Browns, D. A.
Chen, H. -Y.
Drout, M. R.
Farr, B.
Foley, R. J.
Frieman, J. A.
Fryer, C. L.
Herner, K.
Holz, D. E.
Kessler, R.
Matheson, T.
Metzger, B. D.
Quataert, E.
Rest, A.
Sako, M.
Scolnic, D. M.
Smith, N.
Soares-Santos, M.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2017, 848 (02)
[8] The Binary Neutron Star Event LIGO/Virgo GW170817 160 Days after Merger: Synchrotron Emission across the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Margutti, R.
Alexander, K. D.
Xie, X.
Sironi, L.
Metzger, B. D.
Kathirgamaraju, A.
Fong, W.
Blanchard, P. K.
Berger, E.
MacFadyen, A.
Giannios, D.
Guidorzi, C.
Hajela, A.
Chornock, R.
Cowperthwaite, P. S.
Eftekhari, T.
Nicholl, M.
Villar, V. A.
Williams, P. K. G.
Zrake, J.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2018, 856 (01)
[9] ALMA and GMRT Constraints on the Off-axis Gamma-Ray Burst 170817A from the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817
Kim, S.
Schulze, S.
Resmi, L.
Gonzalez-Lopez, J.
Higgins, A. B.
Ishwara-Chandra, C. H.
Bauer, F. E.
de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I.
De Pasquale, M.
de Ugarte Postigo, A.
Kann, D. A.
Martin, S.
Oates, S. R.
Starling, R. L. C.
Tanvir, N. R.
Buchner, J.
Campana, S.
Cano, Z.
Covino, S.
Fruchter, A. S.
Fynbo, J. P. U.
Hartmann, D. H.
Hjorth, J.
Jakobsson, P.
Levan, A. J.
Malesani, D.
Michalowski, M. J.
Milvang-Jensen, B.
Misra, K.
O'Brien, P. T.
Sanchez-Ramirez, R.
Thone, C. C.
Watson, D. J.
Wiersema, K.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2017, 850 (02)
[10] Bayesian analysis on the X-ray spectra of the binary neutron star merger GW170817
Lin, En-Tzu
Yu, Hoi-Fung
Kong, Albert K. H.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS, 2019, 21 : 1 - 5

← 1 2 →