Integrated Fleet of Electric Vehicles as a Frequency Regulation Agent in the Grid

Smart grid (SG) is an innovative technology which aims to make the conventional power grids capable enough to handle the ever increasing demands of power in an efficient manner. SG technology renders the electric distribution system with the capability of accumulating energy from various sources like wind, solar etc. But these sources have intermittency issues which can be handled in an effective manner with the coupling of electric vehicles (EVs) into the SGs. Thus, this paper presents a novel concept in the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) configuration. The primary objective of this paper to provide frequency support to grid by regulating the charging and discharging rates of EVs. These EVs are made to charge and discharge their respective energies at the charging stations (CSs) based on grid's overall requirements. Aggregators (AGs) at the CS level have been specially deployed to regulate EVs activities and maintain grid's stability. It has been verified through extensive simulations that EVs in V2G environment can stabilize the grid in terms of frequency if the coordination amongst the EVs is achieved through aggregators. The results obtained clearly depict that the controlled charging and discharging of EVs' battery can stabilize the grid in terms of frequency.