共 12 条
[1]
Blood P., 2015, QUANTUM CONFINED LAS
[2]
Continuous wave amplified spontaneous emission in phase-stable lead halide perovskites
[J].
Brenner, Philipp
;
Bar-On, Ofer
;
Jakoby, Marius
;
Allegro, Isabel
;
Richards, Bryce S.
;
Paetzold, Ulrich W.
;
Howard, Ian A.
;
Scheuer, Jacob
;
Lemmer, Uli
.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS,
2019, 10 (1)

Brenner, Philipp
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Kaiserstr 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Kaiserstr 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

Bar-On, Ofer
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Phys Elect, IL-6997 Tel Aviv, Israel Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Kaiserstr 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

Jakoby, Marius
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Microstruct Technol, Hermann von Helmholtz Pl 1, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Kaiserstr 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

Allegro, Isabel
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Kaiserstr 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Kaiserstr 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

Richards, Bryce S.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Kaiserstr 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Microstruct Technol, Hermann von Helmholtz Pl 1, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Kaiserstr 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

Paetzold, Ulrich W.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Kaiserstr 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Microstruct Technol, Hermann von Helmholtz Pl 1, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Kaiserstr 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

Howard, Ian A.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Kaiserstr 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Microstruct Technol, Hermann von Helmholtz Pl 1, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Kaiserstr 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

Scheuer, Jacob
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Phys Elect, IL-6997 Tel Aviv, Israel Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Kaiserstr 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

Lemmer, Uli
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Kaiserstr 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Microstruct Technol, Hermann von Helmholtz Pl 1, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Kaiserstr 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
[3]
Highly stable solution processed metal-halide perovskite lasers on nanoimprinted distributed feedback structures
[J].
Brenner, Philipp
;
Stulz, Mareike
;
Kapp, Dorothee
;
Abzieher, Tobias
;
Paetzold, Ulrich W.
;
Quintilla, Aina
;
Howard, Ian A.
;
Kalt, Heinz
;
Lemmer, Uli
.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS,
2016, 109 (14)

Brenner, Philipp
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Engesserstr 13, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Engesserstr 13, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

Stulz, Mareike
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Engesserstr 13, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Appl Phys, Wolfgang Gaede Str 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Engesserstr 13, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

Kapp, Dorothee
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Engesserstr 13, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Engesserstr 13, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

Abzieher, Tobias
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Engesserstr 13, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Engesserstr 13, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

Paetzold, Ulrich W.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Engesserstr 13, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Microstruct Technol, Hermann von Helmholtz Pl 1, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Engesserstr 13, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

Quintilla, Aina
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Engesserstr 13, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Ctr Funct Nanostruct, Wolfgang Gaede Str 1a, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Engesserstr 13, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

Howard, Ian A.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Engesserstr 13, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Microstruct Technol, Hermann von Helmholtz Pl 1, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Engesserstr 13, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

Kalt, Heinz
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Appl Phys, Wolfgang Gaede Str 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Engesserstr 13, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

Lemmer, Uli
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Engesserstr 13, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Microstruct Technol, Hermann von Helmholtz Pl 1, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Light Technol Inst, Engesserstr 13, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
[4]
A Photonic Crystal Laser from Solution Based Organo-Lead Iodide Perovskite Thin Films
[J].
Chen, Songtao
;
Roh, Kwangdong
;
Lee, Joonhee
;
Chong, Wee Kiang
;
Lu, Yao
;
Mathews, Nripan
;
Sum, Tze Chien
;
Nurmikko, Arto
.
ACS NANO,
2016, 10 (04)
:3959-3967

Chen, Songtao
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA

Roh, Kwangdong
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA

Lee, Joonhee
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA

Chong, Wee Kiang
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Phys & Math Sci, Singapore 637371, Singapore
Nanyang Technol Univ, Energy Res Inst NTU ERI N, Interdisciplinary Grad Sch, Singapore 637553, Singapore Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA

Lu, Yao
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA

Mathews, Nripan
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore
Nanyang Technol Univ, Energy Res Inst NTU ERI N, Singapore 637553, Singapore Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA

Sum, Tze Chien
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Phys & Math Sci, Singapore 637371, Singapore Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA

Nurmikko, Arto
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA
Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA
[5]
Continuous-wave operation in directly patterned perovskite distributed feedback light source at room temperature
[J].
Gharajeh, Abouzar
;
Haroldson, Ross
;
Li, Zhitong
;
Moon, Jiyoung
;
Balachandran, Balasubramaniam
;
Hu, Walter
;
Zakhidov, Anvar
;
Gu, Qing
.
OPTICS LETTERS,
2018, 43 (03)
:611-614

Gharajeh, Abouzar
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA

Haroldson, Ross
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA

Li, Zhitong
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA

Moon, Jiyoung
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA

Balachandran, Balasubramaniam
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA

Hu, Walter
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA
Fudan Univ, Microelect Dept, ASIC, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China
Fudan Univ, Microelect Dept, Syst State Key Lab, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA

Zakhidov, Anvar
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA
ITMO Univ, Moscow, Russia
Natl Univ Sci & Technol, NUST MISIS, Moscow, Russia Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA

Gu, Qing
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA
[6]
Continuous-wave lasing in an organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite semiconductor
[J].
Jia, Yufei
;
Kerner, Ross A.
;
Grede, Alex J.
;
Rand, Barry P.
;
Giebink, Noel C.
.
NATURE PHOTONICS,
2017, 11 (12)
:784-+

Jia, Yufei
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

Kerner, Ross A.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
Princeton Univ, Andlinger Ctr Energy & Environm, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

Grede, Alex J.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

Rand, Barry P.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
Princeton Univ, Andlinger Ctr Energy & Environm, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

Giebink, Noel C.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
[7]
Diode-Pumped Organo-Lead Halide Perovskite Lasing in a Metal-Clad Distributed Feedback Resonator
[J].
Jia, Yufei
;
Kerner, Ross A.
;
Grede, Alex J.
;
Brigeman, Alyssa N.
;
Rand, Barry P.
;
Giebink, Noel C.
.
NANO LETTERS,
2016, 16 (07)
:4624-4629

Jia, Yufei
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

Kerner, Ross A.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
Princeton Univ, Andlinger Ctr Energy & Environm, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

Grede, Alex J.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

Brigeman, Alyssa N.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

Rand, Barry P.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
Princeton Univ, Andlinger Ctr Energy & Environm, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

Giebink, Noel C.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
[8]
Room-Temperature Continuous-Wave Operation of Organometal Halide Perovskite Lasers
[J].
Li, Zhitong
;
Moon, Jiyoung
;
Gharajeh, Abouzar
;
Haroldson, Ross
;
Hawkins, Roberta
;
Hu, Walter
;
Zakhidovi, Anvar
;
Gu, Qing
.
ACS NANO,
2018, 12 (11)
:10968-10976

Li, Zhitong
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA

Moon, Jiyoung
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA

Gharajeh, Abouzar
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA

Haroldson, Ross
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Phys, Richardson, TX 75080 USA Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA

Hawkins, Roberta
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA

Hu, Walter
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA
Fudan Univ, ASIC, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China
Fudan Univ, Inst Microelect, Syst State Key Lab, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA

Zakhidovi, Anvar
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Phys, Richardson, TX 75080 USA
ITMO Univ, Dept Nanophoton & Metamat, St Petersburg 197101, Russia Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA

Gu, Qing
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA
[9]
Photonic Nanostructures Patterned by Thermal Nanoimprint Directly into Organo- Metal Halide Perovskites
[J].
Pourdavoud, Neda
;
Wang, Si
;
Mayer, Andre
;
Hu, Ting
;
Chen, Yiwang
;
Marianovich, Andre
;
Kowalsky, Wolfgang
;
Heiderhoff, Ralf
;
Scheer, Hella-Christin
;
Riedl, Thomas
.
ADVANCED MATERIALS,
2017, 29 (12)

Pourdavoud, Neda
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Wuppertal, Inst Elect Devices, Rainer Gruenter Str 21, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany Univ Wuppertal, Inst Elect Devices, Rainer Gruenter Str 21, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany

Wang, Si
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Wuppertal, Inst Elect Devices, Rainer Gruenter Str 21, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany Univ Wuppertal, Inst Elect Devices, Rainer Gruenter Str 21, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany

Mayer, Andre
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Wuppertal, Inst Elect Devices, Rainer Gruenter Str 21, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany Univ Wuppertal, Inst Elect Devices, Rainer Gruenter Str 21, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany

Hu, Ting
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Wuppertal, Inst Elect Devices, Rainer Gruenter Str 21, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
Nanchang Univ, Coll Chem, Inst Polymers, 999 Xuefu Ave, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, Peoples R China Univ Wuppertal, Inst Elect Devices, Rainer Gruenter Str 21, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany

Chen, Yiwang
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Nanchang Univ, Coll Chem, Inst Polymers, 999 Xuefu Ave, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, Peoples R China Univ Wuppertal, Inst Elect Devices, Rainer Gruenter Str 21, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany

Marianovich, Andre
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Hochfrequenztechn, Schleinitzstr 22, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany Univ Wuppertal, Inst Elect Devices, Rainer Gruenter Str 21, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany

Kowalsky, Wolfgang
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Hochfrequenztechn, Schleinitzstr 22, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany Univ Wuppertal, Inst Elect Devices, Rainer Gruenter Str 21, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany

Heiderhoff, Ralf
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Wuppertal, Inst Elect Devices, Rainer Gruenter Str 21, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany Univ Wuppertal, Inst Elect Devices, Rainer Gruenter Str 21, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany

Scheer, Hella-Christin
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Wuppertal, Inst Elect Devices, Rainer Gruenter Str 21, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany Univ Wuppertal, Inst Elect Devices, Rainer Gruenter Str 21, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany

Riedl, Thomas
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Wuppertal, Inst Elect Devices, Rainer Gruenter Str 21, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany Univ Wuppertal, Inst Elect Devices, Rainer Gruenter Str 21, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
[10]
How to recognize lasing
[J].
Samuel, Ifor D. W.
;
Namdas, Ebinazar B.
;
Turnbull, Graham A.
.
NATURE PHOTONICS,
2009, 3 (10)
:546-549

Samuel, Ifor D. W.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, Organ Semicond Ctr, SUPA, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland
Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Polymers & Organ Solids, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, Organ Semicond Ctr, SUPA, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland

Namdas, Ebinazar B.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Polymers & Organ Solids, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, Organ Semicond Ctr, SUPA, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland

Turnbull, Graham A.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, Organ Semicond Ctr, SUPA, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, Organ Semicond Ctr, SUPA, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland