The effect of diet composition on tryptophan requirement of young piglets

The aim of the study was to evaluate the requirement for Trp in relation to diet composition in piglets in the period after weaning (BW range of 9 to 24 kg). Two Trp-deficient [relative to the Dutch (CVB, 1996) and NRC (NRC, 1998) requirement values for piglets of 10 to 20 kg of BW] basal diets were formulated: one based on corn and soybean meal and a second one based on wheat, barley, soybean meal, peas, and whey powder [10.0 g/kg of apparent ileal digestible (AID) Lys; 1.4 g/kg of AID Trp; 1.5 g/kg of standardized ileal digestible (SID) Trp]. Both basal diets were supplemented with 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 g of L-Trp per kg of diet to obtain diets with 1.7, 2.0, and 2.3 g of AID Trp per kg (1.8, 2.1, and 2.4 g of SID Trp per kg), respectively. Each of the 8 treatments was evaluated in 8 replicates (pens with 8 male or female piglets). Average daily feed intake, ADG, and G: F were measured as response criteria. Over the 28-d experimental period, ADG and G: F were greater for the treatments on the wheat/barley diet compared with those on the corn/soybean meal and were increased by the level of Trp in the diet (P < 0.05). Average daily feed intake was only increased by the level of Trp supplementation (P < 0.05). Increasing the Trp level increased ADFI for the corn/soybean meal diet up to 2.3 g of AID Trp per kg (2.4 g of SID Trp per kg) and up to 2.0 g of AID Trp per kg (2.1 g of SID Trp per kg) in the wheat/barley diet (P < 0.05). For both diet types supplementation of free L-Trp increased the G: F up to 1.7 g of AID Trp per kg (1.8 g of SID Trp per kg). Nonlinear regression analysis of the response curves for ADFI using an exponential model for estimating a requirement value for Trp (defined as the Trp level resulting in 95% of the maximum response) revealed a requirement estimate of 2.3 g of AID Trp per kg for the corn/soybean meal-based diet and 2.1 g of AID Trp per kg for the wheat/barley-based diet, equivalent to 2.4 and 2.2 g of SID Trp per kg of diet, respectively. For ADG, a requirement estimate of 2.1 g of AID Trp per kg for both types of diets was derived, equivalent to 2.2 g of SID Trp per kg of diet. The Trp requirement for young piglets seems to be greater than indicated by some commonly used recommendations and does not seem largely dependent on diet ingredient composition.