mRNA expression of IFN-λs in the gingival tissue of patients with chronic or aggressive periodontitis: A polymerase chain reaction study

Background: Several studies have proven the existence of herpesviruses in periodontal pockets of patients with chronic or aggressive periodontitis. Recently discovered interferon lambda (IFN-lambda) has antiviral properties and is induced by herpesviruses. The present study was a quantitative analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of IFN-lambda s (IFN-lambda 1, IFN-lambda 2, IFN-lambda 3) in the gingival tissues of patients with chronic or aggressive periodontitis. Methods: A total of 90 participants (50 men and 40 women; age range 19-50 years, mean age 31.50 +/- 7.8) were categorized into three groups: healthy participants, patients with chronic periodontitis, and patients with aggressive periodontitis. mRNA expression of IFN-lambda s in gingival tissues was estimated using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and was correlated with clinical parameters such as gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Results: mRNA of IFN-lambda 1, IFN-lambda 2, and IFN-lambda 3 was expressed in gingival tissues of healthy participants and in patients with chronic or aggressive periodontitis. The highest level of IFN-lambda 1 was observed in patients with aggressive periodontitis (3.049 +/- 9.793), whereas IFN-lambda 2 (4.322 +/- 11.310) and IFN-lambda 3 (11.932 +/- 27.479) were highest in patients with chronic periodontitis. The difference in mRNA expression of IFN-lambda 1 (P = 0.008) and IFN-lambda 3 (P = 0.043) among three groups was statistically significant Conclusion: Increased quantity of IFN-lambda s in patients with chronic and patients with aggressive periodontitis suggests a role in periodontitis. Variation in the expression of IFN-lambda 1 and IFN-lambda 3 in patients with periodontitis needs to be further evaluated. The mRNA expression of antiviral IFN-lambda s in gingival tissues might enhance our understanding related to viral pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.