Cinnamon Extract Regulates Plasma Levels of Adipose-derived Factors and Expression of Multiple Genes Related to Carbohydrate Metabolism and Lipogenesis in Adipose Tissue of Fructose-fed Rats

We reported earlier that dietary cinnamon extract (CE) improves systemic insulin sensitivity and dyslipidemia by enhancing insulin signaling. In the present study, we have examined the effects of CE on several biomarkers including plasma levels of adipose-derived adipokines, and the potential molecular mechanisms of CE in epididymal adipose tissue ( EAT). In Wistar rats fed a high-fructose diet (HFD) to induce insulin resistance, supplementation with a CE (Cinnulin PF (R), 50 mg/kg daily) for 8 weeks reduced blood glucose, plasma insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, chylomicron-apoB48, VLDL-apoB100, and soluble CD36. CE also inhibited plasma retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) levels. CE-induced increases in plasma adiponectin were not significant. CE did not affect food intake, bodyweight, and EAT weight. In EAT, there were increases in the insulin receptor (Ir) and Ir substrate 2 (Irs2) mRNA, but CE-induced increases in mRNA expression of Irs1, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, Akt1, glucose transporters 1 and 4, and glycogen synthase 1 expression and decreased trends in mRNA expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta were not statistically significant. CE also enhanced the mRNA levels of adipoQ, and inhibited sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c mRNA levels. mRNA and protein levels of fatty acid synthase and FABP4 were inhibited by CE and RBP4, and CD36 protein levels were also decreased by CE. These results suggest that CE effectively ameliorates circulating levels of adipokines partially mediated via regulation of the expression of multiple genes involved in insulin sensitivity and lipogenesis in the EAT.