Three- and four-photon absorption of a multiphoton absorbing fluorescent probe

High-order multiphoton excitation processes are becoming a reality for fluorescence imaging and phototherapy treatment because they afford minimization of scattered light losses and a reduction of unwanted linear absorption in the living organism transparency window, making them less susceptible to photodamage, while improving the irradiation penetration depth and spatial resolution. We report the four-photon-excited fluorescence emission of (7-benzothiazol-2-yl-9,-didecylfluoren-2-yl)-diphenylamine in hexane and its four-photon absorption cross section sigma(4)' = 8.1 x 10(-109) cm(8) s(3) photon(-3) for the transition S-0 --> S-1 when excited at 1600 nm with a tunable optical parametric generator (OPG) pumped by picosecond laser pulses. When pumped at 1200 run, three-photon absorption was observed, corresponding to the same transition. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America.