Cardiovascular-related mortality after intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring changes during carotid endarterectomy

Objective: We examined significant intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IONM) changes and perioperative stroke as independent risk factors of long-term cardiovascular-related mortality in patients who have undergone carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Methods: Records of patients who underwent CEA with IONM at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Cardiovascular-related mortality was compared between the significant IONM change group and no IONM change group and between the perioperative stroke group and no perioperative stroke group. Results: Our final cohort consisted of 2,090 patients. Patients with significant IONM changes showed nearly twice the rate of cardiovascular-related mortality up to 10 years post-CEA (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.98; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.20 - 3.26]). Patients with perioperative stroke were four times more likely than patients without perioperative stroke to experience cardiovascular-related mortality (HR = 4.09; 95% CI [2.13 - 7.86]). Conclusions: Among CEA patients who underwent CEA and who experienced significant IONM changes or perioperative stroke, we observed long-term increased and sustained risk of cardiovascular-related mor-tality. Significance: Significant IONM changes are valuable in predicting the risk of long-term outcomes follow-ing CEA. (c) 2022 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.