The phase space of boxy-peanut and X-shaped bulges in galaxies - II. The relation between face-on and edge-on boxiness

被引:33
作者
Patsis, P. A. [1 ,2 ]
Katsanikas, M. [1 ]
机构
[1] Acad Athens, Res Ctr Astron, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
[2] Excellence Cluster Univ, D-85748 Garching, Germany
关键词
chaos; galaxies: bulges; galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; galaxies: structure; BARRED SPIRAL GALAXIES; SELF-CONSISTENT MODELS; 3-DIMENSIONAL BARS; ORBITAL DYNAMICS;
D O I
10.1093/mnras/stu1970
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
We study the dynamical mechanisms that reinforce the formation of boxy structures in the inner regions, roughly in the middle, of bars observed nearly face-on. Outer boxiness, at the ends of the bars, is usually associated with orbits at the inner, radial 4: 1 resonance region and can be studied with 2D dynamics. However, in the middle of the bar dominate 3D orbits that give boxy/peanut bulges in the edge-on views of the models. In the present paper we show that 3D quasi-periodic, as well as 3D chaotic orbits sticky to the x1v1 and x1v1' tori, especially from the inner Lindblad resonance (ILR) region, have boxy projections on the equatorial plane of the bar. The majority of vertically perturbed 2D orbits, initially on the equatorial plane in the ILR resonance region, enhance boxy features in face-on bars. Orbits that build a bar by supporting sharp 'X' features in their side-on views at energies beyond the ILR may also have a double boxy character. If populated, the extent of the inner boxiness along the major axis is about the same with that of the peanut supporting orbits in the side-on views. At any rate these orbits do not obscure the observation of the boxy orbits of the ILR region in the face-on views, as they contribute more to the surface density at the sides of the bar than to their central parts.
引用
收藏
页码:3546 / 3556
页数:11
相关论文
共 20 条
[1]  
[Anonymous], 1899, METHODES NOUVELLES M
[2]   3D chaotic diffusion in barred spiral galaxies [J].
Contopoulos, G. ;
Harsoula, M. .
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2013, 436 (02) :1201-1214
[3]   BIFURCATIONS, GAPS, AND STOCHASTICITY IN BARRED GALAXIES [J].
CONTOPOULOS, G .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 1983, 275 (02) :511-528
[4]  
Contopoulos G., 1989, Astronomy and Astrophysics Review, V1, P261, DOI 10.1007/BF00873080
[5]  
CONTOPOULOS G, 1988, ASTRON ASTROPHYS, V201, P44
[6]  
Contopoulos G., 2004, Order and Chaos in Dynamical Astronomy
[7]   Peanuts at an angle: detecting and measuring the three-dimensional structure of bars in moderately inclined galaxies [J].
Erwin, Peter ;
Debattista, Victor P. .
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2013, 431 (04) :3060-3086
[8]   THE STRUCTURE OF INVARIANT TORI IN A 3D GALACTIC POTENTIAL [J].
Katsanikas, M. ;
Patsis, P. A. .
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS, 2011, 21 (02) :467-496
[9]  
Kaufmann DE, 1996, ASTRON ASTROPHYS, V309, P381
[10]   SURFACE PHOTOMETRY OF BARRED SPIRAL GALAXIES [J].
OHTA, K ;
HAMABE, M ;
WAKAMATSU, KI .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 1990, 357 (01) :71-&