Impact of Age on Comorbidities and Outcomes in Heart Failure With Reduced Election Fraction

OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine whether age modifies the impact of key comorbidities on clinical outcomes for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). BACKGROUND Comorbidities impact outcomes in HFrEF. However, the effect of age on the impact of comorbidities on prognosis is not clearly understood. METHODS Cox proportional hazards models were used assessed interactions between age and comorbidities on the primary composite endpoint (all-cause mortality or hospitalization) and secondary endpoints in the HF-ACTION (Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training) multicenter trial of 2,331 patients with HFrEF. RESULTS Age did not significantly modify the effect of any comorbidity on the primary endpoint. However, age significantly modified the effect of body mass index (BMI) on all-cause mortality (interaction p = 0.02). Among patients >= 70 years of age, there was a U-shaped relationship between BMI and 1-year mortality, where BMI of 20 kg/m(2) corresponded to 17.6%; a BMI of 30 kg/m(2) corresponded to 7.0%; and a BMI of 40 kg/m(2) corresponded to 11%. For patients <60 years of age, mortality increased nonsignificantly from 3.2% to 3.7% with increasing BMI. Age also modified the effect of depressive symptoms on alt-cause mortality (interaction p = 0.03). Among patients >= 70 years of age, a 1-year mortality rate significantly increased from 7.8% for a Beck Depression Inventory (BOO score of 5% to 15.6% for BIN of 20. For patients <60 years of age, mortality was nonsignificantly related to BDI. Cumulative comorbidity scores were stronger predictors than age for mortality/hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS hi chronic HFrEF, age markedly altered the impact of BMI and depressive symptoms on all-cause mortality, with much higher risk in older patients, but was not as strong a predictor of mortality/hospitalizations as cumulative comorbidity score. (C) 2019 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.