Cell-Based Therapies with T Regulatory Cells

CD4(+)CD25(high)FoxP3(+) T regulatory cells (Tregs) are immunodominant suppressors in the immune system. Tregs use various mechanisms to control immune responses. Preclinical data from animal models have confirmed the huge therapeutic potential of Tregs in many immune-mediated diseases. Hence, these cells are now on the road to translation to cell therapy in the clinic as the first clinical trials are accomplished. To date, clinical research has involved mainly hematopoietic stem cell transplantations, solid organ transplantations, and autoimmunity. Despite difficulties with legislation and technical issues, treatment is constantly evolving and may soon represent a valid alternative for patients with diseases that are currently incurable. This review focuses on the basic and clinical experience with Tregs with adoptive transfer of these cells, primarily from clinical trials, as well as on perspectives on clinical use and technical problems with implementing the therapy.