The Role of Interventional Radiology Techniques in the Management of Renal Angiomyolipomas

Purpose of Review Although benign, renal angiomyolipoma (AML) may lead to serious complications without appropriate management. The purpose of this review is to describe the role of and evidence for interventional radiology techniques in the management of patients with AML. Recent Findings For patients with renal masses and non-diagnostic imaging studies, image-guided percutaneous biopsy is found to be highly accurate and useful in directing patient management. Once the diagnosis of AML has been made based on either imaging or biopsy, arterial embolization of tumors that are symptomatic or > 4 cm has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of hemorrhage as well as tumor size. Percutaneous ablation devices have been proposed as alternative strategies but remain investigational. Summary The utility of interventional radiology techniques including percutaneous core needle biopsy and prophylactic super-selective arterial embolization is safe and effective management strategies for patients presenting with AML tumors.