Income Disparity and Mental Wellbeing among Adults in Semi-Urban and Rural Areas in Malaysia: The Mediating Role of Social Capital

被引:6
作者
Said, Mas Ayu [1 ,2 ]
Thangiah, Govindamal [1 ,3 ,4 ]
Majid, Hazreen Abdul [1 ,5 ,6 ]
Ismail, Rozmi [7 ]
Pin, Tan Maw [8 ]
Rizal, Hussein [1 ,6 ]
Zaidi, Mohd Azlan Shah [9 ]
Reidpath, Daniel [3 ,4 ,10 ]
Su, Tin Tin [3 ,4 ,6 ]
机构
[1] Univ Malaya, Fac Med, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
[2] Univ Malaya, Fac Med, Ctr Epidemiol & Evidence Based Practice, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
[3] Monash Univ Malaysia, Jeffrey Cheah Sch Med & Hlth Sci, South East Asia Community Observ SEACO, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
[4] Monash Univ Malaysia, Jeffrey Cheah Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Global Publ Hlth, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
[5] Univ Airlangga, Fac Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
[6] Univ Malaya, Fac Med, Ctr Populat Hlth, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
[7] Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Fac Social Sci & Humanities, Psychol & Human Wellbeing Res Ctr, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
[8] Univ Malaya, Fac Med, Dept Med, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
[9] Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Fac Econ & Management, Ctr Sustainable & Inclus Dev Studies, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
[10] Icddr B, Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
关键词
income; mental health; social capital; mediation; older adults; SELF-RATED HEALTH; OLDER-ADULTS; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; EAST-ASIA; INEQUALITY; DISORDERS; DETERMINANTS; ASSOCIATION; SUPPORT; ANXIETY;
D O I
10.3390/ijerph19116604
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Mental illness is rising worldwide and is more prevalent among the older population. Among others, socioeconomic status, particularly income, has a bearing on the prevalence of mental health. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism that explains the association between income and mental health. Hence, this study seeks to examine the mediating effect of social capital on the association between income and mental illness. Cross-sectional data consisting of 6651 respondents aged 55 years and above were used in this study. A validated tool known as the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, 21 items (DASS-21) was applied to examine mental illness, namely depression, anxiety, and stress. The Karlson, Holm, and Breen (KHB) method was employed to assess the intervening role of social capital on the association between income and mental illness. Results showed that those who disagreed in trust within the community had the highest partial mediation percentage. Those who disagreed in reciprocity, however, had the lowest partial mediation percentage, which explained the positive association between the middle 40% (M40) of the income group and depression, anxiety, and stress. Overall, the study suggests the need to increase trust and attachment within society to curb the occurrence of depression and anxiety.
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页数:16
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