A RECONSIDERATION OF THE LEGACY OF RAMON Y CAJAL TO THE NEUROSCIENCES

Between 1887 and 1897, Santiago Ramon y Cajal carried out a series of micrographic studies that would mark the debate about the structure and the physiology of the nervous system, establishing the theoretical framework for its study in the 20th century. The nature and meaning of the task undertaken by Cajal could not be fully weighed without a serious attempt to establish the pertinent links between such task, its antecedents and its contemporary context. To this end, the first and second sections address the scientific context in which, during the aforementioned period, Cajal elaborated the neuron doctrine and the dynamic polarization law, focusing on the convergent and divergent approaches of previous and contemporary researchers. The third section, on the other hand, is devoted to the discussion of the methodological framework of the formulation of the abovementioned contributions, avoiding recent attempts of historiographical controversy about its paternity and emphasizing that the core of Cajal's legacy does not have to be sought in discussions of this nature, but in the wide body of observations he collected and, particularly, in the profusion of hypotheses he used in order to incardinate those contributions within the theoretical frameworks sanctioned in biological sciences.