Enhancement of spinosad toxicity to Cydia pomonella neonates by monosodium glutamate receptor agonist

Recently, we reported that monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a feeding stimulant and an enhancer of pesticide toxicity against neonates of the codling moth. Herein, we show that a MSG alternative, trans-1-aminocyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (trans-ACBD), alone or in the presence of spinosad (Success((R))), increases leaf tissue consumption by codling moth neonates. In contrast to MSG, trans-ACBD maintains its feeding stimulatory properties in the field even after 20 mm of simulated rain, and effectively increases spinosad efficacy in both laboratory and field experiments.