Recent progress of metal-halide perovskite-based tandem solar cells

Tandem solar cells (TSCs) are devices made of multiple junctions with complementary absorption ranges, aiming to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells. Currently, metal-halide hybrid perovskite solar cells have risen as an ideal candidate for various tandem cells due to their high open-circuit voltage, tunable optical bandgap, low energy loss, and low-temperature solution processibility. Herein, the critical advances of perovskite-based tandem cells are presented, including perovskite-silicon, perovskite-perovskite, perovskite-copper indium gallium selenide, and perovskite-organic TSCs. Electrode engineering, interface engineering, bandgap engineering, and processing techniques are discussed in detail. The future directions and challenges of perovskite TSCs are also presented.